Menezes, Spinal congenital dermal sinuses: A 30-year experience. Sillén, Urodynamic findings in children with myelomeningocele after untethering of the spinal cord. Future studies are warranted to maximize bladder quality of life in the patients with SB. CIC, anticholinergics, botulinum A toxin, and reconstructive surgery have good outcomes for the primary goals, e.g., protection of renal function, improved urinary continence, and independence. Despite consensus regarding the need for early urological management, controversy remains regarding the types of intervention. Careful uro-neurological assessment and spinal MRI are important for diagnosing young adult patients with occult SB, because they may present with urinary symptoms as the sole initial symptom and have no other obvious neurological abnormalities. Tethered spinal cord syndrome, also called cystic and occult spina bifida (SB), presents with a wide spectrum of urodynamic abnormalities including upper and lower neuron types of bladder and urethral dysfunction.
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